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计算机/英语/Untitled.md
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# 基础
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## **元音和辅音是什么?**
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1. **元音(Vowels)**:
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- 英语的5个元音字母:**A, E, I, O, U**
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- 这些字母通常代表发音时气流不受阻碍的声音。例如:`apple` 中的 **a**、`open` 中的 **o**。
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2. **辅音(Consonants)**:
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- 除元音字母外,其他所有字母都是辅音字母(如:B, C, D, F...)。
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- 辅音发音时气流会被嘴唇、舌头、牙齿等部分阻碍,例如:`big` 中的 **b** 和 **g**。
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# 名词
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## 可数名词
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可以看见,有固定形状的名词 • 时间、距离等表示单位的名词
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![image-20241014202613400](assets/image-20241014202613400.png)
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## 不可数名词
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看不见的抽象概念或者没有固定形状的 名词
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![image-20241014202945017](assets/image-20241014202945017.png)
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# 代词
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## 人称代词
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![image-20241014203033738](assets/image-20241014203033738.png)
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## 指示代词
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![image-20241014203055908](assets/image-20241014203055908.png)
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## 不定代词
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![image-20241014203253642](assets/image-20241014203253642.png)
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![image-20241014203313571](assets/image-20241014203313571.png)
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## 其他代词
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![image-20241014203424163](assets/image-20241014203424163.png)
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# 冠词
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![image-20241014203449605](assets/image-20241014203449605.png)
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![image-20241014203516417](assets/image-20241014203516417.png)
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# 形容词
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## 形容词比较级和最高级
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### **形容词比较级的构成**
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1. **单音节形容词**和**部分双音节形容词**:
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- 直接在词尾加
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-er
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- **tall → taller**(更高的)
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- **small → smaller**(更小的)
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- **fast → faster**(更快的)
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**规则变化**:
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- 以
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e
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结尾的词,只加
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-r
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:
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- **nice → nicer**(更好的)
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- 以辅音 + 元音 + 辅音结尾的词,双写最后一个辅音再加
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-er
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:
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- **big → bigger**(更大的)
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- **hot → hotter**(更热的)
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2. **多音节形容词**(通常三音节或更多)和部分双音节形容词:
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- 在前面加
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more
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- **beautiful → more beautiful**(更美丽的)
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- **important → more important**(更重要的)
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3. **不规则变化**:
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- **good → better**(更好的)
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- **bad → worse**(更坏的)
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- **far → farther/further**(更远的)
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### **一、原级:as + 形容词 + as**
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用于表达两者在某个方面的程度**相等**。
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#### **结构**:
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- **as + 形容词原级 + as**:表示“和……一样……”
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- **not as/so + 形容词原级 + as**:表示“没有……那么……”
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#### **例句**:
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1. **The weather is as cold as yesterday.**(今天的天气和昨天一样冷。)
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2. **This room is not as big as that one.**(这个房间没有那个房间大。)
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#### **常见短语**:
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- **as soon as possible**(尽快)
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- **as far as I know**(据我所知)
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------
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### **二、比较级:两者之间的比较**
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用于比较**两个对象**在某一方面的差异。
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#### **结构**:
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- **形容词比较级(+er)+ than**:用于**单音节**和**部分双音节**形容词
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- **more + 形容词 + than**:用于**多音节**形容词
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#### **例句**:
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1. **Tom is taller than Jack.**(汤姆比杰克高。)
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2. **This problem is more difficult than I thought.**(这个问题比我想象的更难。)
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#### **特殊用法**:
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- 倍数表达:
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- **This room is twice larger than that one.**(这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。)
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#### **不规则变化**:
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- **good → better**(更好)
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- **bad → worse**(更差)
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------
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### **三、最高级:三者或以上的比较**
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用于在**三者或更多对象**中表示某个对象的程度最高。
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#### **结构**:
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- **the + 形容词最高级(+est)**:用于单音节和部分双音节形容词
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- **the most + 形容词**:用于多音节形容词
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#### **例句**:
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1. **This is the tallest building in the city.**(这是这座城市最高的建筑。)
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2. **She is the most intelligent student in the class.**(她是班上最聪明的学生。)
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#### **不规则变化**:
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- **good → the best**(最好)
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- **bad → the worst**(最差)
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------
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### **四、总结对比**
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| **类别** | **结构** | **例句** |
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| ---------- | ------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------------------- |
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| **原级** | as + 形容词 + as | This book is as interesting as that one. |
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| **比较级** | 形容词比较级 + than / more + 形容词 + than | She is taller than her brother. |
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| **最高级** | the + 形容词最高级 / the most + 形容词 | This is the most expensive car I’ve seen. |
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# 动词
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## 时态+状态
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![image-20241015213047291](assets/image-20241015213047291.png)
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### **1. 一般时态**
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#### 1.1 **一般现在时**
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- **结构**:动词原形(第三人称单数加 **s/es**)
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- **用法**:描述**习惯、事实、规律**或现在的状态。
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- 例句
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:
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- He **plays** basketball every day.(他每天打篮球。)
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- The sun **rises** in the east.(太阳从东方升起。)
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#### 1.2 **一般过去时**
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- **结构**:动词过去式(动词 + ed,不规则动词有特殊形式)
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- **用法**:描述**过去发生的事情**或**过去的习惯**。
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- 例句
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- I **watched** a movie yesterday.(我昨天看了一部电影。)
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- She **went** to school by bike.(她骑车去上学。)
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#### 1.3 **一般将来时**
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- **结构**:will / be going to + 动词原形
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- **用法**:描述**将要发生的事情**或**计划**。
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- 例句
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- I **will visit** my friend tomorrow.(我明天会去看我的朋友。)
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- They **are going to travel** next month.(他们下个月打算去旅行。)
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#### 1.4 **一般过去将来时**
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- **结构**:would / was/were going to + 动词原形
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- **用法**:描述**过去计划要发生的事情**。
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- 例句
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:
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- He said he **would come**.(他说他会来。)
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- They **were going to leave**, but it started raining.(他们本打算离开,但下雨了。)
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------
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### **2. 进行时态**
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#### 2.1 **现在进行时**
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- **结构**:be + 动词现在分词(动词 + ing)
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- **用法**:描述**正在发生的动作**。
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- 例句
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- I **am reading** a book.(我正在读一本书。)
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- They **are playing** soccer.(他们正在踢足球。)
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#### 2.2 **过去进行时**
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- **结构**:was/were + 动词现在分词(动词 + ing)
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- **用法**:描述**过去某个时间正在进行的动作**。
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- 例句
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- She **was cooking** when I called.(我打电话时她正在做饭。)
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- They **were watching** TV last night.(他们昨晚在看电视。)
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------
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### **3. 完成时态**
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#### 3.1 **现在完成时**
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- **结构**:have/has + 动词过去分词(动词 + ed)
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- **用法**:描述**从过去持续到现在的动作**,或对现在有影响的动作。
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- 例句
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- I **have finished** my homework.(我已经完成了作业。)
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- She **has lived** here for five years.(她在这里住了五年。)
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#### 3.2 **过去完成时**
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- **结构**:had + 动词过去分词(动词 + ed)
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- **用法**:描述**在过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作**。
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- 例句
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:
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- He **had left** before I arrived.(我到之前他已经离开了。)
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- They **had finished** dinner when we called.(我们打电话时他们已经吃完饭了。)
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------
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### **总结表格**
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| **时态类型** | **时态名称** | **结构** | **用法** |
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| ------------ | -------------- | ------------------------------- | -------------------------- |
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| 一般时态 | 一般现在时 | 动词原形 / 第三人称单数 + s/es | 习惯、事实、现在的状态 |
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| 一般时态 | 一般过去时 | 动词过去式 | 过去发生的动作或习惯 |
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| 一般时态 | 一般将来时 | will / be going to + 动词原形 | 将来的计划或预测 |
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| 一般时态 | 一般过去将来时 | would / was going to + 动词原形 | 过去计划的将来动作 |
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| 进行时态 | 现在进行时 | be + 动词 + ing | 正在进行的动作 |
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| 进行时态 | 过去进行时 | was/were + 动词 + ing | 过去某时正在进行的动作 |
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| 完成时态 | 现在完成时 | have/has + 动词过去分词 | 对现在有影响的过去动作 |
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| 完成时态 | 过去完成时 | had + 动词过去分词 | 过去某时之前已经完成的动作 |
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