## Install #### 1.设置存储库 ##### a. 更新APT程序包索引并安装程序包，以允许APT通过HTTPS使用存储库： ```shell $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install \ ca-certificates \ curl \ gnupg \ lsb-release ``` ##### b.添加Docker官方GPG密钥 ```shell $ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg ``` ##### c.使用以下命令设置稳定的存储库。要添加夜间或测试存储库，请在下面命令中的稳定一词之后添加夜间或测试(或两者)一词。了解夜间频道和测试频道。 ```shell $ echo \ "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \ $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null ``` #### 2.安装Docker ##### a.更新apt包索引，安装最新版本的Docker Engine和Containerd，或进入下一步安装具体版本 ```shell $ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io ``` >如果您启用了多个 Docker 存储库，则在 apt-get install 或 apt-get update 命令中未指定版本的情况下安装或更新始终会安装可能的最高版本，这可能不适合您的稳定性需求。 ##### b.要安装特定版本的 Docker Engine，请在 repo 中列出可用版本，然后选择并安装： 列出您的存储库中可用的版本： ```shell $ apt-cache madison docker-ce docker-ce | 5:18.09.1~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 5:18.09.0~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 18.06.1~ce~3-0~ubuntu | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages docker-ce | 18.06.0~ce~3-0~ubuntu | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages ``` 使用第二列中的版本字符串安装特定版本，例如 5:18.09.1~3-0~ubuntu-xenial ```shell $ sudo apt-get install docker-ce= docker-ce-cli= containerd.io ``` ##### 通过运行 hello-world 映像来验证 Docker 引擎是否已正确安装。 ```shell $ sudo docker run hello-world ``` >此命令下载测试映像并在容器中运行它。当容器运行时，它会打印一条消息并退出。 ## Upgrade 要升级 Docker Engine，首先运行 sudo apt-get update，然后按照安装说明(Intall的第二节第b段)，选择要安装的新版本。 ## Uninstall #### 1.卸载Docker Engine、CLI和Containerd包 **purge 命令会同时清除软件包和软件的配置文件 谨慎操作** ```shell $ sudo apt-get purge docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io ``` #### 2.主机上的映像、容器、卷或自定义配置文件不会自动删除。要删除所有映像、容器和卷，请执行以下操作（谨慎操作） ```shell $ sudo rm -rf /var/lib/docker $ sudo rm -rf /var/lib/containerd ``` ## Expand #### 1.配置镜像加速器 下面列出国内常用的加速站点，排名不分先后,总体来说阿里云速度较稳定。 docker中国区官方镜像加速： [https://registry.docker-cn.com](https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//registry.docker-cn.com/) 网易镜像加速： [http://hub-mirror.c.163.com](https://link.zhihu.com/?target=http%3A//hub-mirror.c.163.com/) 中国科技大学镜像加速： [https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn](https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/) 腾讯云镜像加速： [https://mirror.ccs.tencentyun.com](https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//mirror.ccs.tencentyun.com/) 阿里云镜像加速： [https://ung2thfc.mirror.aliyuncs.com](https://link.zhihu.com/?target=https%3A//ung2thfc.mirror.aliyuncs.com/) docker官方镜像仓库国内访问较慢，我们需要设置国内镜像服务： ```bash sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF' {"registry-mirrors": ["https://registry.docker-cn.com"]} EOF sudo systemctl daemon-reload sudo systemctl restart docker ``` #### 2.查看当前安装版本和可安装版本 apt-cache policy 列出软件包可下载的版本 和当前安装版本 ```bash $ apt-cache policy docker-ce docker-ce: Installed: 5:20.10.14~3-0~ubuntu-focal #已安装版本 Candidate: 5:20.10.14~3-0~ubuntu-focal #候选版本(最新版本) Version table: #可安装版本的列表 *** 5:20.10.14~3-0~ubuntu-focal 500 500 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages 100 /var/lib/dpkg/status 5:20.10.13~3-0~ubuntu-focal 500 500 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages 5:20.10.12~3-0~ubuntu-focal 500 500 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages 5:20.10.11~3-0~ubuntu-focal 500 500 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages 5:20.10.10~3-0~ubuntu-focal 500 500 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages ``` #### 3.添加用户到docker组中 默认情况下，`docker`命令只能由 **root** 用户或由 **docker** 组中的用户运行，docker 组用户是在Docker安装过程中自动创建的。 如果不想用 sudo 来执行 docker 命令，那么我们只需要把对应的用户添加到 docker 组中即可。 ```bash sudo usermod -aG docker ${USER} ``` 使用新组成员身份执行命令，需要注销后重新登录，或使用su来切换身份。 ```bash su - ${USER} ``` 我们可以通过`id`这个命令来确认刚刚添加的用户是否已经在 docker 组中： ```bash $ id -nG #输出 ds adm cdrom sudo dip plugdev lxd docker ``` ## ERROR #### 1.解决docker服务无法重启，报错loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) 执行docker服务重启systemctl restart docker.service命令后，服务未正常启动，查看docker服务的状态，报loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)。 ```bash [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker.service Job for docker.service failed because start of the service was attempted too often. See "systemctl status docker.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details. To force a start use "systemctl reset-failed docker.service" followed by "systemctl start docker.service" again. [root@localhost ~]# systemctl status docker.service ● docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: failed (Result: start-limit) since Mo 2020-06-08 10:59:41 CST; 1min 44s ago Docs: https://docs.docker.com Process: 12296 ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE) Main PID: 12296 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE) Jun 08 10:59:41 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: start request repeated too quickly for docker.service Jun 08 10:59:41 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Failed to start Docker Application Container Engine. Jun 08 10:59:41 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Unit docker.service entered failed state. Jun 08 10:59:41 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: docker.service failed. Jun 08 11:00:06 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: start request repeated too quickly for docker.service Jun 08 11:00:06 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Failed to start Docker Application Container Engine. Jun 08 11:00:06 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: docker.service failed. Jun 08 11:00:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: start request repeated too quickly for docker.service Jun 08 11:00:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Failed to start Docker Application Container Engine. Jun 08 11:00:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: docker.service failed. ``` ##### a.检查/etc/docker/daemon.json文件配置是否正确。 ```bash [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json { "insecure-registries":["11.1.14.145:8080"], "hosts": ["tcp://127.0.0.1:2375", "unix:///var/run/docker.sock"] } ``` ##### b.检查/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service文件是否正常。 ```bash [root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service [Unit] Description=Docker Application Container Engine Documentation=https://docs.docker.com After=network-online.target firewalld.service Wants=network-online.target [Service] Type=notify # the default is not to use systemd for cgroups because the delegate issues still # exists and systemd currently does not support the cgroup feature set required # for containers run by docker ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID # Having non-zero Limit*s causes performance problems due to accounting overhead # in the kernel. We recommend using cgroups to do container-local accounting. LimitNOFILE=infinity LimitNPROC=infinity LimitCORE=infinity # Uncomment TasksMax if your systemd version supports it. # Only systemd 226 and above support this version. #TasksMax=infinity TimeoutStartSec=0 # set delegate yes so that systemd does not reset the cgroups of docker containers Delegate=yes # kill only the docker process, not all processes in the cgroup KillMode=process # restart the docker process if it exits prematurely Restart=on-failure StartLimitBurst=3 StartLimitInterval=60s [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target ``` **参考：** [docker官方ubuntu安装文档](https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/#install-using-the-repository) [阿里云镜像加速器配置](https://cr.console.aliyun.com/cn-hangzhou/instances/mirrors) [docker扩展配置](https://kalacloud.com/blog/how-to-install-and-use-docker-on-ubuntu) [docker 启动错误](https://www.jianshu.com/p/7d38cd3bf387)