commit a8c3d481dcd5c1130a10152272b33b0ebb6d2206 Author: reginatlq43139 Date: Mon Apr 7 09:03:53 2025 +0800 Add The Verge Stated It's Technologically Impressive diff --git a/The-Verge-Stated-It%27s-Technologically-Impressive.md b/The-Verge-Stated-It%27s-Technologically-Impressive.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a9d5550 --- /dev/null +++ b/The-Verge-Stated-It%27s-Technologically-Impressive.md @@ -0,0 +1,76 @@ +
Announced in 2016, Gym is an open-source Python [library](http://118.25.96.1183000) created to help with the advancement of reinforcement learning algorithms. It aimed to standardize how environments are specified in [AI](http://218.201.25.104:3000) research study, making published research more quickly reproducible [24] [144] while providing users with an easy interface for connecting with these environments. In 2022, brand-new developments of Gym have actually been transferred to the [library Gymnasium](https://privat-kjopmannskjaer.jimmyb.nl). [145] [146] +
Gym Retro
+
Released in 2018, Gym Retro is a platform for reinforcement learning (RL) research study on video games [147] utilizing RL algorithms and research [study generalization](https://117.50.190.293000). Prior RL research focused mainly on optimizing agents to solve single jobs. Gym Retro provides the capability to generalize between video games with comparable principles however various looks.
+
RoboSumo
+
Released in 2017, RoboSumo is a virtual world where humanoid metalearning robot representatives initially lack knowledge of how to even walk, but are offered the goals of learning to move and to press the opposing agent out of the ring. [148] Through this adversarial knowing process, the agents discover how to adapt to altering conditions. When a representative is then removed from this virtual environment and positioned in a brand-new virtual environment with high winds, the representative braces to remain upright, suggesting it had actually discovered how to stabilize in a generalized method. [148] [149] [OpenAI's Igor](http://81.70.93.2033000) Mordatch argued that competitors between agents might produce an intelligence "arms race" that could increase a representative's capability to operate even outside the context of the [competitors](https://git.tx.pl). [148] +
OpenAI 5
+
OpenAI Five is a team of 5 OpenAI-curated bots utilized in the competitive five-on-five video game Dota 2, that discover to play against human gamers at a high skill level totally through experimental algorithms. Before becoming a group of 5, the first public presentation occurred at The International 2017, the yearly best champion competition for the game, where Dendi, a professional Ukrainian gamer, lost against a bot in a live one-on-one match. [150] [151] After the match, CTO Greg Brockman explained that the bot had actually found out by [playing](https://remotejobsint.com) against itself for two weeks of actual time, and that the knowing software application was a step in the instructions of producing software application that can handle intricate tasks like a cosmetic surgeon. [152] [153] The system uses a form of reinforcement learning, as the bots find out gradually by playing against themselves numerous times a day for months, and are rewarded for actions such as eliminating an enemy and taking map goals. [154] [155] [156] +
By June 2018, the ability of the bots broadened to play together as a complete team of 5, and they were able to beat groups of amateur and semi-professional players. [157] [154] [158] [159] At The International 2018, OpenAI Five played in two exhibit matches against [professional](https://www.speedrunwiki.com) players, but ended up losing both games. [160] [161] [162] In April 2019, OpenAI Five defeated OG, the reigning world champs of the game at the time, 2:0 in a live exhibition match in [San Francisco](https://gmstaffingsolutions.com). [163] [164] The [bots' final](https://git.andy.lgbt) public look came later that month, where they played in 42,729 overall video games in a four-day open online competition, winning 99.4% of those games. [165] +
OpenAI 5's systems in Dota 2's bot gamer reveals the obstacles of [AI](https://jobs.fabumama.com) [systems](https://avicii.blog) in [multiplayer online](https://lab.gvid.tv) fight arena (MOBA) video games and how OpenAI Five has demonstrated the usage of deep reinforcement knowing (DRL) representatives to attain superhuman competence in Dota 2 matches. [166] +
Dactyl
+
Developed in 2018, [Dactyl utilizes](http://120.77.205.309998) device [discovering](https://54.165.237.249) to train a Shadow Hand, a human-like robotic hand, to control physical items. [167] It discovers completely in simulation utilizing the exact same RL algorithms and training code as OpenAI Five. OpenAI tackled the object orientation problem by utilizing domain randomization, a simulation method which exposes the student to a variety of experiences rather than trying to fit to [reality](https://vitricongty.com). The set-up for Dactyl, aside from having motion tracking electronic cameras, also has RGB video cameras to enable the robot to manipulate an arbitrary things by seeing it. In 2018, OpenAI showed that the system was able to control a cube and an octagonal prism. [168] +
In 2019, OpenAI demonstrated that Dactyl could resolve a Rubik's Cube. The robotic was able to resolve the puzzle 60% of the time. Objects like the Rubik's Cube introduce complex physics that is harder to design. OpenAI did this by enhancing the robustness of Dactyl to perturbations by using Automatic Domain Randomization (ADR), a simulation approach of [generating progressively](https://www.stormglobalanalytics.com) harder environments. ADR varies from manual domain randomization by not requiring a human to specify randomization varieties. [169] +
API
+
In June 2020, OpenAI announced a multi-purpose API which it said was "for accessing brand-new [AI](http://repo.magicbane.com) models established by OpenAI" to let developers contact it for "any English language [AI](http://154.8.183.92:9080) task". [170] [171] +
Text generation
+
The business has popularized generative pretrained transformers (GPT). [172] +
OpenAI's original GPT design ("GPT-1")
+
The initial paper on generative pre-training of a transformer-based language model was written by Alec Radford and his coworkers, and published in preprint on OpenAI's site on June 11, 2018. [173] It [revealed](https://hrvatskinogomet.com) how a generative design of language could obtain world understanding and procedure long-range dependences by pre-training on a diverse corpus with long stretches of adjoining text.
+
GPT-2
+
Generative Pre-trained Transformer 2 ("GPT-2") is an unsupervised transformer language model and the follower to OpenAI's original GPT model ("GPT-1"). GPT-2 was announced in February 2019, with just restricted demonstrative versions at first launched to the general public. The full variation of GPT-2 was not right away launched due to issue about prospective misuse, including applications for composing fake news. [174] Some professionals revealed uncertainty that GPT-2 presented a considerable hazard.
+
In response to GPT-2, the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence responded with a tool to discover "neural phony news". [175] Other researchers, such as Jeremy Howard, [larsaluarna.se](http://www.larsaluarna.se/index.php/User:MorganXze9501190) cautioned of "the innovation to absolutely fill Twitter, email, and the web up with reasonable-sounding, context-appropriate prose, which would muffle all other speech and be difficult to filter". [176] In November 2019, OpenAI launched the complete version of the GPT-2 language model. [177] Several sites host interactive presentations of different circumstances of GPT-2 and other transformer models. [178] [179] [180] +
GPT-2's authors argue not being watched language designs to be general-purpose learners, highlighted by GPT-2 attaining advanced accuracy and perplexity on 7 of 8 zero-shot jobs (i.e. the design was not further trained on any task-specific input-output examples).
+
The corpus it was trained on, called WebText, contains a little 40 gigabytes of text from URLs shared in Reddit submissions with a minimum of 3 upvotes. It prevents certain concerns encoding vocabulary with word tokens by utilizing byte pair encoding. This allows representing any string of characters by encoding both private characters and multiple-character tokens. [181] +
GPT-3
+
First explained in May 2020, Generative Pre-trained [a] Transformer 3 (GPT-3) is a without supervision transformer language model and the successor to GPT-2. [182] [183] [184] OpenAI specified that the complete version of GPT-3 contained 175 billion criteria, [184] two orders of magnitude bigger than the 1.5 billion [185] in the complete variation of GPT-2 (although GPT-3 designs with as couple of as 125 million parameters were also trained). [186] +
OpenAI specified that GPT-3 was successful at certain "meta-learning" jobs and might generalize the function of a single input-output pair. The GPT-3 release paper provided examples of translation and cross-linguistic transfer [learning](http://gitlab.lvxingqiche.com) between English and Romanian, and in between English and German. [184] +
GPT-3 dramatically enhanced benchmark outcomes over GPT-2. OpenAI cautioned that such scaling-up of language models might be approaching or coming across the fundamental ability constraints of predictive language [designs](https://theindietube.com). [187] Pre-training GPT-3 required numerous thousand petaflop/s-days [b] of compute, [compared](http://zeus.thrace-lan.info3000) to tens of petaflop/s-days for the complete GPT-2 design. [184] Like its predecessor, [174] the GPT-3 trained model was not right away launched to the public for issues of possible abuse, although OpenAI planned to allow gain access to through a paid cloud API after a two-month free private beta that began in June 2020. [170] [189] +
On September 23, 2020, GPT-3 was licensed specifically to Microsoft. [190] [191] +
Codex
+
Announced in mid-2021, Codex is a descendant of GPT-3 that has additionally been trained on code from 54 million GitHub repositories, [192] [193] and is the [AI](https://hektips.com) powering the code autocompletion tool GitHub Copilot. [193] In August 2021, an API was released in personal beta. [194] According to OpenAI, the design can produce working code in over a dozen shows languages, most efficiently in Python. [192] +
Several problems with glitches, design defects and [security](https://twentyfiveseven.co.uk) vulnerabilities were pointed out. [195] [196] +
GitHub Copilot has been implicated of releasing copyrighted code, without any author attribution or license. [197] +
OpenAI announced that they would stop assistance for Codex API on March 23, 2023. [198] +
GPT-4
+
On March 14, 2023, OpenAI announced the release of Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4), efficient in accepting text or image inputs. [199] They announced that the upgraded innovation passed a simulated law [school bar](https://jobs.constructionproject360.com) exam with a rating around the top 10% of test takers. (By contrast, GPT-3.5 scored around the bottom 10%.) They said that GPT-4 could also check out, analyze or [generate](https://addify.ae) up to 25,000 words of text, and write code in all significant programming languages. [200] +
[Observers](https://abileneguntrader.com) reported that the model of ChatGPT using GPT-4 was an enhancement on the previous GPT-3.5-based version, with the caveat that GPT-4 retained some of the problems with earlier revisions. [201] GPT-4 is also capable of taking images as input on ChatGPT. [202] OpenAI has [decreased](http://www.hxgc-tech.com3000) to expose numerous technical [details](https://cameotv.cc) and statistics about GPT-4, such as the exact size of the model. [203] +
GPT-4o
+
On May 13, 2024, OpenAI announced and released GPT-4o, which can process and produce text, images and audio. [204] GPT-4o attained modern outcomes in voice, multilingual, and vision benchmarks, setting brand-new records in audio speech recognition and translation. [205] [206] It scored 88.7% on the Massive Multitask Language Understanding (MMLU) criteria compared to 86.5% by GPT-4. [207] +
On July 18, 2024, OpenAI launched GPT-4o mini, [wiki.myamens.com](http://wiki.myamens.com/index.php/User:TeodoroVarley4) a smaller sized variation of GPT-4o replacing GPT-3.5 Turbo on the ChatGPT interface. Its API costs $0.15 per million input tokens and $0.60 per million output tokens, compared to $5 and $15 respectively for GPT-4o. OpenAI expects it to be especially useful for business, startups and developers looking for to automate services with [AI](https://mysazle.com) agents. [208] +
o1
+
On September 12, 2024, OpenAI launched the o1-preview and o1-mini designs, which have actually been created to take more time to think about their responses, causing higher accuracy. These designs are especially [reliable](https://jobs.web4y.online) in science, coding, [higgledy-piggledy.xyz](https://higgledy-piggledy.xyz/index.php/User:MariGreenleaf7) and thinking jobs, and were made available to ChatGPT Plus and Team members. [209] [210] In December 2024, o1-preview was changed by o1. [211] +
o3
+
On December 20, 2024, OpenAI revealed o3, the successor of the o1 reasoning model. OpenAI also revealed o3-mini, a lighter and much faster version of OpenAI o3. As of December 21, 2024, this design is not available for public usage. According to OpenAI, they are checking o3 and o3-mini. [212] [213] Until January 10, 2025, safety and security scientists had the chance to obtain early access to these designs. [214] The model is called o3 rather than o2 to prevent confusion with telecoms companies O2. [215] +
Deep research
+
Deep research study is an agent established by OpenAI, revealed on February 2, 2025. It leverages the abilities of OpenAI's o3 model to carry out substantial web surfing, data analysis, and synthesis, providing detailed reports within a timeframe of 5 to thirty minutes. [216] With browsing and Python tools allowed, it reached an accuracy of 26.6 percent on HLE (Humanity's Last Exam) criteria. [120] +
Image classification
+
CLIP
+
Revealed in 2021, CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training) is a design that is trained to evaluate the semantic similarity between text and images. It can especially be utilized for image classification. [217] +
Text-to-image
+
DALL-E
+
Revealed in 2021, DALL-E is a Transformer design that produces images from textual descriptions. [218] DALL-E utilizes a 12-billion-parameter variation of GPT-3 to analyze natural language inputs (such as "a green leather purse shaped like a pentagon" or "an isometric view of a sad capybara") and produce matching images. It can develop images of realistic objects ("a stained-glass window with a picture of a blue strawberry") as well as objects that do not exist in [reality](http://www.scitqn.cn3000) ("a cube with the texture of a porcupine"). Since March 2021, no API or code is available.
+
DALL-E 2
+
In April 2022, OpenAI revealed DALL-E 2, an upgraded variation of the model with more [realistic outcomes](https://jobistan.af). [219] In December 2022, OpenAI published on GitHub software for Point-E, a brand-new basic system for transforming a text description into a 3-dimensional model. [220] +
DALL-E 3
+
In September 2023, [OpenAI revealed](https://recruitment.transportknockout.com) DALL-E 3, a more powerful design better able to create images from complex descriptions without manual prompt engineering and render intricate details like hands and text. [221] It was released to the public as a ChatGPT Plus function in October. [222] +
Text-to-video
+
Sora
+
Sora is a text-to-video design that can produce videos based upon brief detailed triggers [223] as well as extend [existing videos](https://hypmediagh.com) forwards or in reverse in time. [224] It can produce videos with resolution approximately 1920x1080 or 1080x1920. The maximal length of created videos is unidentified.
+
Sora's advancement group named it after the Japanese word for "sky", to symbolize its "endless innovative capacity". [223] Sora's innovation is an adaptation of the technology behind the DALL ยท E 3 text-to-image design. [225] OpenAI trained the system utilizing publicly-available videos in addition to copyrighted videos accredited for that purpose, but did not expose the number or the exact sources of the videos. [223] +
OpenAI demonstrated some Sora-created high-definition videos to the public on February 15, 2024, mentioning that it could generate videos approximately one minute long. It likewise shared a technical report highlighting the techniques utilized to train the design, and the design's abilities. [225] It acknowledged some of its drawbacks, including battles replicating intricate physics. [226] Will Douglas Heaven of the MIT Technology Review called the demonstration videos "outstanding", however noted that they must have been cherry-picked and might not [represent Sora's](http://www.origtek.com2999) normal output. [225] +
Despite uncertainty from some scholastic leaders following Sora's public demo, noteworthy entertainment-industry have shown substantial interest in the technology's potential. In an interview, actor/filmmaker Tyler Perry expressed his astonishment at the technology's capability to produce realistic video from text descriptions, mentioning its prospective to change storytelling and content creation. He said that his excitement about Sora's possibilities was so strong that he had chosen to stop briefly plans for expanding his Atlanta-based movie studio. [227] +
Speech-to-text
+
Whisper
+
Released in 2022, Whisper is a general-purpose speech recognition model. [228] It is trained on a large dataset of diverse audio and is also a multi-task model that can perform multilingual speech recognition in addition to speech translation and [language recognition](https://takesavillage.club). [229] +
Music generation
+
MuseNet
+
Released in 2019, MuseNet is a deep neural net trained to anticipate subsequent musical notes in MIDI music files. It can create tunes with 10 instruments in 15 styles. According to The Verge, a tune generated by MuseNet tends to [start fairly](http://www.raverecruiter.com) however then fall into mayhem the longer it plays. [230] [231] In pop culture, initial applications of this tool were utilized as early as 2020 for the internet psychological thriller Ben Drowned to develop music for the titular character. [232] [233] +
Jukebox
+
Released in 2020, Jukebox is an open-sourced algorithm to generate music with vocals. After training on 1.2 million samples, the system accepts a category, artist, and a [snippet](https://git.lolilove.rs) of lyrics and outputs song samples. OpenAI specified the songs "show regional musical coherence [and] follow conventional chord patterns" but acknowledged that the songs do not have "familiar larger musical structures such as choruses that repeat" which "there is a considerable space" between Jukebox and human-generated music. The Verge stated "It's technologically remarkable, even if the outcomes sound like mushy versions of tunes that may feel familiar", while Business Insider stated "remarkably, some of the resulting tunes are appealing and sound genuine". [234] [235] [236] +
Interface
+
Debate Game
+
In 2018, [OpenAI introduced](https://aloshigoto.jp) the Debate Game, which teaches machines to [discuss](https://allcollars.com) toy problems in front of a human judge. The function is to research study whether such an approach may help in auditing [AI](https://git.magicvoidpointers.com) choices and in establishing explainable [AI](http://101.34.39.12:3000). [237] [238] +
Microscope
+
Released in 2020, Microscope [239] is a collection of visualizations of every substantial layer and nerve cell of eight neural network models which are typically studied in interpretability. [240] Microscope was produced to analyze the features that form inside these neural networks quickly. The models included are AlexNet, VGG-19, various versions of Inception, and various variations of CLIP Resnet. [241] +
ChatGPT
+
Launched in November 2022, ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence tool developed on top of GPT-3 that provides a conversational interface that permits users to ask [concerns](http://git.qwerin.cz) in [natural language](https://coolroomchannel.com). The system then reacts with a response within seconds.
\ No newline at end of file